Anesthesia Control Using Fractional Order Controller

Anesthesia plays a crucial role in every surgery. Clinicians are faced with numerous conditions that need to be monitored and controlled. A computerized monitoring and control system would help them in this challenging task. Designing a control law for general anesthesia presents numerous challenges, particularly due to the nonlinear mapping of outputs and the complexity of achieving a feasible input trajectory. While the internal states of the mathematical model are linear, the output exhibits nonlinear behavior. This paper introduces a decomposition of the standard pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model to develop an effective control strategy for drug administration in anesthesia. It is proposed a method to control the bispectral index (BIS), the main measure of unconsciousness of the patient. This approach aims to optimize anesthesia delivery by maintaining the BIS within a desired range, thereby enhancing patient safety and comfort. The methodology involves designing a fractional order controller to accurately track BIS reference values and adjust anesthetic infusion rates. The effectiveness of the controller is validated through simulations, demonstrating its potential to enhance the precision of anesthesia management. Key findings reveal that such type of control outperforms traditional methods in maintaining target BIS levels, minimizing the risks of over- or under-dosing.