FPGA-Based HIL Co-Simulation of Modulated Model Predictive Control for an LCL Filtered Grid-Tied Inverter

This paper presents a comprehensive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) implementation of a Modulated Model Predictive Control ($\mathrm{M}^{2} \mathrm{PC}$) strategy for an LCL filtered grid-tied inverter, utilizing an FPGA. The proposed $M^{2}$ PC method addresses the control challenges of grid-tied inverters by ensuring fixed switching frequency operation, which enhances power quality and system stability. An accurate discrete-time model of the LCL grid-tied inverter is employed to predict future state variables, which are evaluated through the newly optimized multi-objective cost function optimized. The optimal voltage vectors generated by the cost function are synthesized using Space Vector Modulation (SVM). The HIL simulation, conducted on a Virtex-6 FPGA with Xilinx ISE 14.7 and System Generator integrated with MATLAB/Simulink ${}^{\circledR}$, demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed control scheme. Results validate the approach, showcasing fast transient response, low steady-state errors, and robust performance under various operating conditions. This work highlights the potential of $\mathrm{M}^{2} \mathrm{PC}$ in enhancing the reliability and efficiency of grid-tied inverter systems.