Techno-Economic Analysis of a Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System with Different Tilt Angle

This paper aims to analyze and compare the technical and economic performance of off-grid photovoltaic (PV) systems in two distinct climatic zones, exploring the impact of different PV array tilt angles using HOMER software. Additionally, the study introduces two economic benchmarks, namely the net present cost (NPC) and the cost of energy (COE) to assess the economic feasibility of various tilt angles in the photovoltaic system. The objective is to identify the optimal configuration of system components while considering the system’s economic efficiency.