Prolong the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Network by LEACH Protocol

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are complex systems that combine sensor technology, mobile system, and wireless networking. Data gathering and analysis lets to a variety of applications. However, these networks present a substantial challenge due to the sensors’ low battery capacity. The existence of the limitation has driven the creation of routing protocols that prioritize energy efficiency, data transmission channel optimization, communication overhead minimization, and adaptability to dynamic network conditions. The major objective of these developments is to increase the reliability and operational lifetime of networks, which will greatly benefit the WSN and IoT ecosystems in terms of sustainability and resilience. We examine the protocol architecture for micro-sensor networks called Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), which combines application-specific data aggregation with energy-efficient cluster-based media access and routing. The purpose of this combination is to maximize system performance concerning latency, network longevity, and application-perceived quality. In order to distribute the energy burden evenly across all nodes, LEACH combines strategies that allow a large number of nodes to self-organize with algorithms that adjust clusters and rotate cluster head (CH) locations. To save communication resources, it also incorporates distributed signal processing techniques. LEACH significantly increases the system lifetime compared to multi-hop general-purpose methods. Using artificial intelligence (AI) in conjunction with the LEACH protocol can significantly improve energy efficiency in WSNs. By optimizing CH selection, data routing, load balancing, sleep/wake scheduling, and reducing redundant updates, AI can make the network more efficient and sustainable.