Adaptive PID Control for Autonomous Vehicle Motor Regulation: Design and Simulation Using MATLAB

In an autonomous driving system, the degree of control of the vehicle's speed and direction is a crucial factor in reflecting its safety and stability. Traditional PID controllers have limited performance in complex dynamic environments due to their fixed gains. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a PID control system based on an adaptive algorithm, which collects the vehicle's differential speed signal in real time, transmits it to an adaptive PID controller, and then accurately controls the motor speed through a PWM modulator. At the same time, the angle error signal generated by the motor is used to dynamically adjust the PID gains to optimize the vehicle's speed and direction control. This paper uses MATLAB's Simulink platform for simulation. The results show that the adaptive PID controller significantly shortens the adjustment time, reduces the system's oscillation phenomenon, and improves the system's stability, making it suitable for autonomous driving tasks under complex road conditions.