Optimal Multi-Stage Design of Frequency Control and Load Shedding for Islanded Microgrid with Multiple Distributed Power Sources

Load shedding (LS) is a technique used in various kind of power systems to maintain frequency stability by temporarily reducing electrical loads during times of high demand or limited supply. This helps to prevent blackouts or system failures by balancing the supply and demand of electricity within the network. In islanded and remote area such microgrid (MG), the load shedding is an essential strategy in ensuring the reliability and resilience of the system. By effectively managing the distribution of electrical loads, microgrids can continue to operate efficiently even during challenging conditions. This technique plays a crucial role in promoting sustainability and optimizing the overall performance of microgrid. In this context, this paper propose the design of an effective coordinated multi-stage microgrid control strategy involving an optimal Load frequency controller (LFC) and intelligent under frequency load shedding (UFLS) using Logic Flow and Artificial Hummingbird Optimization Algorithm (AHA). A hybrid multi-sources microgrid was investigated for the simulation. The used MG includes a small wind farm, solar PV generator, Diesel Engine (DG) and Redox Flow Batteries (RFB). During the simulation, the Artificial Hummingbird Optimization Algorithm (AHA) was used to optimize the PID controller parameters for the LFC loop; Where, the logic Flow was implemented to design a smart load shedding tool to face high demand disturbances or limited supply from the installed renewable energy sources (RESs). Various scenarios have been performed and compared to show the effectiveness and validity of the proposed strategy.