Review—Challenges and Innovations in Nano-Computing and Reliable Interconnect Technologies

Over the past few years, nano-technology innovations have made inroads into a wide array of industries, such as electronics, healthcare, and energy, helped by rapid developments in this field. A key part of enabling these innovations is the production of robust interconnects that can enable the integration and communication of nano-scale computing and technology. This paper provides a comprehensive study on nano-interconnect and nano-computing, considering its importance in nano-scale applications, which is critical to the performance, energy, and scalability of nano-sized devices. The research also identifies key concerns which must be overcome to accommodate their use in several technologies, like striving to conserve electricity integrity at the nano-scale, controlling thermal effects, providing mechanical stability, and reducing fabricational complexities. The balance between reliability and application-specific behavior demonstrates the need for interdisciplinary solutions to address the bottlenecks preventing the development of the next era of high-performance, robust, and efficient nano-systems. This review attempts to highlight the necessity of reliable interconnects and nano-computing systems among researchers and to attract further work on the vast obstacles that comes in their path of development.