The Historical Generation of Marx’s Concept of Reality from the Perspective of Ontology Transformation

从黑格尔到费尔巴哈，再到马克思，现实概念的内涵不断丰富，黑格尔在理念本体论的基础上史无前例地把现实提升为哲学的内容，但其现实概念是思辨性质的，目的是完善庞大的逻辑学体系。费尔巴哈的主要作用是将现实概念从“天国”拉回人间，重新在感性本体论的基础上讨论现实概念，但囿于哲学直观的先天缺陷，不能很好地探讨现实的社会性和历史性的原则。由于“社会存在”被发现，马克思重新将感性现实与感性的社会——历史原则进行结合，而相应的本体论基础则是“社会存在本体论”，这也是马克思现实概念的历史生成过程。From Hegel to Feuerbach, and then to Marx, the connotation of the concept of reality has continuously enriched. Hegel, based on the ontology of ideas, unprecedentedly elevated reality to the content of philosophy. However, his concept of reality is speculative in nature, with the aim of perfecting the vast system of logic. Feuerbach’s main role is to bring the concept of reality back from the “heavenly kingdom” to the human world, and to discuss the concept of reality on the basis of sensory ontology. However, due to the inherent flaw of philosophical intuition, he cannot explore the principles of the social and historical nature of reality well. Due to the discovery of “social existence”, Marx recombined sensory reality with sensory social historical principles, and the corresponding ontological foundation was the “ontology of social existence”, which is also the historical process of the generation of Marx’s concept of reality.