Characterization and antimicrobial activity of Piper Betel L. (Betel vine) extract-biosynthesized silver nanoparticles

Biosynthesis is a promising and environmentally safe technique for producing effective antibacterial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). These particles have been used for a long time to combat various bacterial strains and are regarded as an efficient method for addressing the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this study, Piper betel plant extract was tested as an agent for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. Spectrophotometry was employed to determine the optimal extract concentration for biosynthesis while scanning electron microscopy was used to assess the size and shape of the nanoparticles. Broth microdilution was used to measure their antibacterial efficacy against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The highest yield of biosynthesized AgNPs was obtained using a 10% extract preparation. Characterization revealed that the nanoparticles ranged in size from 300-1300 nm and had a branched shape, which is known to enhance antimicrobial effectiveness due to the sharp edges. The mean minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against MRSA was determined to be 19.53 μg/mL, while the mean minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 21.0 μg/mL. Piper betel extract is an effective agent for the biosynthesis of AgNPs.