Design, Optimization, and Environmental Analysis of Hybrid Energy Systems for Integration in Remote Villages: A Case Study in Morocco

This paper delves into the intricate dynamics of electricity production and consumption in Tazarine, Morocco, emphasizing the environmental and economic aspects. We focus on crafting a hybrid energy strategy integrating photovoltaic (PV) energy, biomass, and storage batteries. This innovative system demonstrates the economic feasibility of hybrid energy solutions, with an off-grid scenario showing a Net Present Cost (NPC) of $434,287 and a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of $0.196/kWh, compared to a grid-integrated setup with an NPC of $350,847 and LCOE of $0.121/kWh. Furthermore, the off- grid system significantly reduces CO2 emissions, lowering them by nearly 75%, from 34,741 kg/yr in the grid-connected system to 8,338 kg/yr in the off-grid scenario. These findings highlight the PV/Biomass/Battery system as not only economically viable but also environmentally sustainable. The research provides a model for achieving energy self-sufficiency while balancing environmental and economic goals, propelling Tazarine toward a sustainable energy future.