Development of Public Transit Measures to Mitigate the Impact of COVID-19 on Pedestrians and Station Performance using PTV Vissim Simulation

In this study we explored the possible changes in passenger behavior on transit stations due to disruptions such as COVID-19 and the impact on station performance. A trade-off is observed between the reduced risk of virus transmission through increased physical distancing and subsequent negative impact on a station's performance. To evaluate this trade-of, a simulation model of Marlborough station in Calgary, Canada was developed using PTV Vissim. Passenger behavioral changes were implemented by manipulating the Social Force Model (SFM) parameters within the simulation model. The impact from these changes were measured by the developed model and was simultaneously validated with the theoretical expectations derived from equations on the SFM parameters. Alternative station designs were simulated and tested to allow separated flow of passengers in different parts of station such as pedestrian bridges and stairways. The results from the study found that pedestrian physical distancing had a profound negative impact on the transit station's performance. However, these effects can be addressed through simple low-cost station modifications. Ultimately, the results of this study can be used as a reference for transit authorities to develop mitigation strategies against possible resurgences of COVID-19 or other infectious diseases.