Study on the Dynamic Impact of Gas Injection and Production in Double-Layer Gas Storage—A Case Study of X Gas Storage

单井注采动态是影响储气库应急调峰和能源战略储备功能的重要指标，研究气井的注采动态对储气库建设具有重要意义。本文以四川盆地川东南X储气库为例，利用数值模拟方法对储气库注采动态进行了多因素的分析。建立了储气库单井模型并通过生产历史拟合的方式对模型进行了调整。设置了20组对比方案，对单井的注采能力和多因素影响下气井的注采动态进行了分析。模拟表明：储气库在上、下限压力下合注合采的气井产能分别为323 × 104 m3/d和427 × 104 m3/d；对比方案计算结果得到气井的产量和产量贡献率随着渗透率的减小而逐渐减小，上层的产量贡献从0.4逐渐趋于0；选择合理的气井配产量，能够有效延长稳产时间；当上下层压力比大于1.04时，气井出现“倒灌”现象，当压力比为1时，上层与下层最初的产量贡献比约为3/7。层间差异是影响X储气库注采动态的重要原因，分析各主控因素对储气库注采动态的影响可以进一步调节储气库的运行参数，为同类型储气库的运行提供参考。The dynamic injection and production of single wells is an important indicator affecting the emergency peak-shaving capabilities and energy strategic reserve functions of gas storage facilities. Studying the injection and production dynamics of gas wells is significant for the construction of gas storage facilities. This paper uses the X gas storage facility in the southeastern Sichuan Basin as an example and employs numerical simulation methods to analyze the injection and production dynamics under multiple influencing factors. A single-well model for the gas storage facility was established, and the model parameters were adjusted through production history fitting. Twenty comparison schemes were set up to analyze the injection and production capacity of the single well and the dynamics of gas wells under various influencing factors. The simulations indicate that the combined injection and production capacity of the gas wells at upper and lower pressure limits is 323 × 104 m³/d and 427 × 104 m³/d, respectively. The results from the comparison schemes show that the production and contribution rate of the gas wells gradually decrease as permeability decreases, with the upper layer’s contribution falling from 0.4 to nearly 0. Selecting an appropriate production allocation for the gas wells can effectively extend stable production time. When the pressure ratio between the upper and lower layers exceeds 1.04, “backflow” occurs in the gas wells; when the pressure ratio is 1, the initial production contribution ratio between the upper and lower layers is approximately 3/7. Interlayer differences are a significant factor affecting the injection and production dynamics of the X gas storage facility. Analyzing the influence of the main controlling factors on the injection and production dynamics can further adjust the operational parameters of the gas storage facility, providing a reference for the operation of similar gas storage facilities.