The Research Progress on the Role of Dopamine and Its Signaling Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Myopia

近视对儿童和青少年的视力健康构成了严重威胁，其发病率逐年增长，已经变成全球性的公共健康难题，但其病理机制仍未完全明确。多巴胺(DA)是视网膜上的关键神经递质，在实验性近视的生成和抑制过程中，通过结合相应受体发挥至关重要的作用，而其相关信号通路在近视产生和进展过程中的具体机制也受到了广泛的关注。本文将针对在近视的发病机制中多巴胺及其受体产生的作用进行综述，旨在深入了解近视疾病机制，为其预防与治疗提供新的靶点。Myopia is a serious threat to the vision health of children and adolescents, with an increasing incidence rate and becoming a global public health problem. However, its pathological mechanism is still not completely clear. Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter in the retina, which plays a crucial role in the generation and inhibition of experimental myopia by binding to its corresponding receptors. The specific mechanism of its related signaling pathways in the development and progression of myopia has also received extensive attention. This article reviews the role of dopamine and its receptors in the pathogenesis of myopia, in order to understand the mechanism of myopia and provide new targets for the prevention and treatment of this disease.