ACHIEVING THE 2030 GOAL OF ENDING HIV: AN ADVANCED ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIC INTERVENTIONS, SOCIOECONOMIC CHALLENGES, AND BIOMEDICAL PROGRESS

The global commitment to end HIV as a public health threat by 2030 represents one of the most ambitious goals in modern public health, requiring a multidimensional and sustained effort across all scientific, social and cultural fields. This study provides an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the key strategies, systemic challenges and biomedical advances that are driving progress towards this goal. It reviews the effectiveness of established interventions such as antiretroviral therapy (ART) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), while highlighting the critical role of community initiatives, education and behaviour change programmes in addressing the social determinants of the epidemic. The research also explores the persistent structural inequalities that exacerbate vulnerability to HIV, including poverty, gender inequalities, stigma, and poor health infrastructure, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. These barriers are assessed in the context of their interconnectedness, highlighting how compounded disadvantages impede universal access to prevention, treatment, and care services. On the biomedical side, the study examines transformative innovations, such as the development of long-acting injectable therapies, advances in vaccine research, and gene-editing technologies such as CRISPR, that hold promise not only to manage but potentially eradicate the virus. These scientific advances are analyzed for their feasibility, scalability, and potential to fill existing therapeutic gaps. In addition, the research includes a critical review of global policies and financing mechanisms, analyzing their alignment with evidence-based practices and their effectiveness in promoting equitable access to health care. Drawing on case studies from diverse geographic and socio-economic contexts, the study highlights successful models of integration between scientific advances, robust health systems, and grassroots engagement. Synthesizing data and ideas from interdisciplinary sources, this research highlights the importance of a coordinated and comprehensive approach to combat the HIV epidemic. It concludes with practical recommendations for policymakers, healthcare providers and international stakeholders, highlighting the need for sustained investment, innovation and collaboration to achieve the vision of an HIV-free world by 2030. The findings are intended to contribute to the scientific discourse on global health and serve as a guide for practitioners and policymakers navigating the complex journey to end HIV.