A study on the effectiveness of ChatGPT in university Spanish education and AI literacy education: Analysis of ZenoChat application cases

Artificial intelligence has permeated various aspects of contemporary society, with education being no exception. As ChatGPT tools become increasingly prevalent in higher education settings, opposing or prohibiting their use appears increasingly anachronistic. This paradigm shift requires universities to adapt their educational frameworks to incorporate GPT-based conversational AI services and implement course-optimized tools that enhance student learning outcomes. Contemporary higher education must evolve to create adaptive learning environments by integrating emergent AI technologies into existing curricula through diverse pedagogical methodologies and practical applications. As institutions implement ChatGPT to enhance educational quality, it is imperative to ensure alignment between AI tool adoption, institutional learning objectives, and desired student competencies. While extensive research exists regarding the educational value and potential of ChatGPT integration, a significant gap remains in empirical studies examining specific implementations within university courses or investigating optimal instructor roles. This study focuses on this research gap by conducting statistical analyses of ChatGPT implementation within university-level Spanish language courses, thereby providing a concrete model for AI integration in foreign language education. Through this investigation, we aim to contribute to the growing body of knowledge regarding AI-enhanced education and provide actionable insights for institutions seeking to implement similar technological innovations in their language programs.