Seven Karaite Heqqeshim of Torah Interpretation According to Sefer Massa u-Meriva by Abraham Firkowicz

Abraham Firkowicz was a notable figure within the Karaite community in the 19th century. He primarily worked to establish Karaite distinctiveness and to secure legal separation from Talmudic Jews in the Russian Empire. Through his work, Sefer Massa u-Meriva, he authenticated traditional Karaite Judaism and presented hermeneutical techniques for interpreting the Holy Scripture. Understanding the Karaite interpretation of biblical verses revealed the origins of their customs. Karaite scholars employed seven heqqeshim, or analogies, to interpret holidays, determine the new moon, and establish laws of purity, inheritance, and marriage. While there are no direct textual analogies existing, the heqqeshim are particularly helpful in interpreting the incest laws. Karaite scholars adhered strictly to the degree of consanguinity between the partners, demonstrating that marriage was forbidden not only between individuals specified in the Torah, and thus permitting analogies (for example, the prohibition of siblings marrying another pair of siblings).