The Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Thyroid Cancer

肠道菌群作为人体内一个复杂而庞大的微生物生态系统，近年来已成为医学研究的热点。它们不仅参与食物的消化与吸收，还在维持肠道黏膜屏障、调节免疫功能、抵御外来病原体入侵等方面发挥着至关重要的作用。甲状腺癌是一种常见的内分泌系统恶性肿瘤，近年来在世界范围内的发病率呈逐年上升趋势。其病因复杂，涉及遗传、环境、生活方式等多种因素。尽管手术、放疗、化疗等传统治疗手段在一定程度上提高了甲状腺癌患者的生存率，但仍然存在复发、转移及耐药等问题，对患者的生存质量和预后造成严重影响。The gut microbiota, as a complex and vast microbial ecosystem in the human body, has become a hot topic in medical research in recent years. They not only participate in the digestion and absorption of food, but also play a crucial role in maintaining the intestinal mucosal barrier, regulating immune function, and resisting the invasion of foreign pathogens. Thyroid cancer is a common malignant tumor of the endocrine system. In recent years, the incidence rate of thyroid cancer in the world has been increasing year by year. Its etiology is complex, involving multiple factors such as genetics, environment, and lifestyle. Although traditional treatment methods such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have improved the survival rate of thyroid cancer patients to some extent, there are still problems such as recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance, which seriously affect the quality of life and prognosis of patients.