Hybridization of indigenous and exotic Oreochromis niloticus: Potential benefits and challenges for aquaculture development in Nigeria

This review focuses on the hybridization of indigenous and exotic strains of Oreochromis niloticus to address challenges in Nigerian aquaculture, including rapid breeding, overcrowding, and stunted growth. Hybridization, which can enhance traits such as growth performance, disease resistance, and environmental adaptability, was evaluated in terms of its benefits and potential risks. Crossbreeding methods, techniques for achieving monosex populations, and hybrid performance in growth, sex ratios, and environmental tolerance were reviewed. Findings from several studies reveal that hybrid strains demonstrate significant improvements in growth and survival rates, offering potential advantages over pure strains. However, the review also highlights concerns about genetic dilution, ecological impacts, and accessibility for small-scale farmers.