Identification and quantification of risks associated with rice-based production system: an empirical evidence from Odisha, India

In this study, we identify and quantify various types of risks associated with the rice-based production system in Odisha using both secondary and primary data.The data was collected from 240 farmers selected from East and South Eastern Coastal Plains zones of Odisha, where rice cultivation and climatic-related hazards are widespread.Results showed that farmers faced many adverse climatic environments, such as floods, drought, cyclones, and infestation of pests and diseases, which pose severe threats to crop cultivation practices and farmers' income levels in the study area.