Behaviour of grid-oriented controlled heat pumps

The German government plans to install 500 000 heat pumps a year starting in 2024, which, among other things, will lead to an additional electrical load on the distribution grid. The revised Energy Industry Act § 14a enables the grid-oriented use of flexibilities such as heat pumps in Germany. To estimate the effects of grid-oriented control during the blocking phase and re-enabling and to be able to take them into account in models or grid calculations, it is essential to know the behaviour. Manufacturers surveyed were currently unable to make any statements about the behaviour of their heat pump in the various operating phases during external blocking. This paper shows examples of an inverter and a fixed-speed heat pump to estimate the behaviour of heat pumps in the event of an external disconnection by the distribution grid operator. It is shown that the behaviour differs depending on the type of heat pump and the operating phase before the blocking period.