Determination of the line parameters of electrical distribution grids based on smart meter data

Due to the decarbonization of the energy sector and the associated integration of new electrical loads and generators such as electric vehicles or PV systems, grid operators must switch to active grid operation management. This includes the control of both flexible loads and generation systems based on the knowledge of important grid parameters such as resource utilization and node voltage. Smart meters are therefore increasingly being integrated into the low-voltage level in order to determine the grid status from the recorded measurement data and the grid topology as a basis for active grid operation management. However, a current problem is that a large proportion of the line parameters, such as the line resistance, are not sufficiently digitized and in some cases incorrect, so that it is unclear at which currents line overloads occur. Within the framework of sensitivity analyses using synthetically generated smart meter data, this study investigates the influence of measurement uncertainties on the quality of the determination of the line parameters using a method based on multiple linear regression and the voltage drop along lines. This study shows that line parameter determination based on measurement data, using the here presented approach, is applicable in practice for lines with high voltage drops.