Multi-level strategy for voltage regulation in MV/LV networks

Grid evolution brings new challenges for Distribution System Operators (DSOs), such as digitalization, electrification of loads, and the increasing number of small and large power distribution sources (Distributed Energy Resources - DERs), whose rapid growth has introduced an increasing amount of non-programmable resources into the system. Moreover, the increase of the share of underground MV networks is introducing another variable: capacitive reactive power fluctuation at nighttime. Therefore, an increasing amount of network flexibility is required to maintain system stability and reliability. These challenges have led to a reconsideration of strategies to regulate voltage profile in medium and low voltage networks.