Danish electric vehicle charging profiles for distribution grid planning and design

The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is accelerating in recent years. It is to be expected that all low power EV chargers (EVCs) will be connected to the distribution grid. The charging of EVs will considerably change the consumption patterns of residential consumers. For grid planning and design, distribution system operators need to take these new consumption patterns into consideration. This work presents a methodology to create plausible worst-case EVC profiles based on a large dataset of real charging data from 3, 547 EVCs. The resulting profiles show that EVC peak consumption presents seasonal and weekly patterns. While an aggregation of 100 EVCs has a night peak consumption of 3.5 kW per EVC on a workday in winter, in the summer it is replaced by a weekend-early-afternoon peak with a consumption of 2.5 kW per EVC. One of the main contributions of this work is the publicly available representative EVC profiles for different charger sizes, seasons, weekdays and percentiles.