Pre-Marital Screening and Genetic Counseling: Knowledge, Awareness, and Perception among Bangladesh's Population

Premarital screening tests couples for genetic disorders (e.g., sickle cell anemia and thalassemia), as well as infectious diseases (e.g., hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV/AIDS), while genetic counseling offers information and support on genetic conditions. This study addresses the significant lack of data on public awareness and understanding of pre-marital screening and genetic counseling (PMSGC) in Bangladesh, contrasting with countries like Saudi Arabia where PMSGC is mandatory. To bridge this knowledge gap, a cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to September 2023, involving 638 participants of various age groups and educational levels. Despite all participants being familiar with PMSGC, only 33% demonstrated adequate understanding, with higher knowledge levels linked to better education and positive medical history. While participants recognized the importance of PMSGC, there was a clear disconnect between their perceived significance and awareness of associated risks. Notably, 71.6% emphasized the urgent need for improved public awareness. The findings suggest that targeted educational campaigns and enhanced counseling services focusing on genetics, chronic diseases, mental health, and reproductive health are essential for improving PMSGC awareness and effectiveness in Bangladesh.