Systematic Review of the Role of Open and Distance Education in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Despite extensive research that recognizes the potential of open and distance learning (ODL) to enhance inclusivity and access to quality education for all, as reported in previous studies, there is a dearth of research that synthesizes the role of ODL as a mechanism for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A systematic review of the role of ODL in achieving the SDGs is needed to ascertain the contributory role of ODL in the transition from the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to the SDGs. Considering this, the objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the role of ODL in achieving the SDGs. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework was used to incorporate the papers that were taken into consideration for this review. We conducted a review search for studies published between 2014 and 2024 in PubMed, PsyhINFO, Academic Resources Information Center, SAGE, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. This study assessed 18 papers in total that satisfied the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis of the included studies in this systematic review yielded findings indicating that the ODL method is instrumental in achieving lifelong learning, ensuring educational equity and quality, expanding access to education, and enhancing the globalization of education. It is recommended that more institutions get involved in this endeavor and that all levels of government work together to devise policies and regulations that will improve the acceptance and quality of ODL programs.