Optimizing the scale of off-site emergency decontamination infrastructure for nuclear power plants: a case study

Nuclear energy is renowned for its high efficiency and low carbon emissions; however, it also presents significant safety hazards. Ensuring the safety of nuclear power plants (NPPs) is essential for achieving sustainable development. As the utilization of nuclear energy expands, the necessity for robust off-site emergency response mechanisms at NPPs has become paramount to mitigate radioactive hazards and manage potential accidents effectively. Specifically, nuclear emergency decontamination (NED) facilities play a crucial role in minimizing radiation exposure, with fixed facilities being the most prevalent type. The construction scale of these facilities should correspond to the population within the off-site plume emergency planning zone (EPZ) of the NPP. Currently, existing NED stations are insufficient due to the rising population within these zones. This study aims to ascertain the appropriate scale for off-site emergency decontamination stations by examining population data surrounding the NPP and analyzing pertinent population statistics. The research involves estimating the temporal and spatial boundaries required for public decontamination, calculating the population necessitating decontamination through satellite thermal imagery, and determining the essential equipment for effective decontamination within a specified timeframe. This study provides a comprehensive methodology for assessing the capabilities of decontamination facilities and contributes to the development of strategies aimed at enhancing nuclear safety and managing the risks associated with nuclear energy.