Failure physics modeling and reliability prediction of electromagnetic relay based on permanent magnet degradation

The degradation of the magnetic properties of permanent magnets, a critical component of electromagnetic relays, significantl y impacts the electromagnetic suction characteristics of these relays. However, due to the complex structure of relays and the nonlinearity between input and output, existing degradation models for individual permanent magnets cannot be effectively applied to the overall performance degradation of electromagnetic relays. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for failure physical modeling and reliability prediction of electromagnetic relays based on permanent magnet degradation. Initially, a high-temperature accelerated degradation test is designed and used to establish the failure physics model of the permanent magnet and the migration matrix of a typical structure. Subsequently, product batch virtual samples are created using the Monte Carlo method, and the reliability of the product is predicted using the virtual prototype model. The feasibility of thi s modeling method is verified using Alnico, a commonly used permanent magnet material, and the typical structure of electromagnetic relays as examples.