State-of-the-Art Security Measures for ADS-B Analyzing Current Protocols and Future Directions

ADS-B offers aircraft situational awareness and real-time tracking. Despite its operational advantages, its absence of built-in security measures leaves it open to injection, jamming, and spoofing assaults, endangering privacy and safety. This article examines the weaknesses present in ADS-B systems and evaluates the most recent security solutions, such as machine learning, cryptography, and physical-layer security. A comparative study highlights the advantages, disadvantages, and trade-offs of various strategies in terms of cost, latency, and scalability. New technologies like explainable AI, blockchain, and quantum cryptography are emphasized as possible ways to get beyond current protocol restrictions. The result calls for lightweight cryptographic protocols to be integrated with advanced anomaly detection models and regulatory collaboration to strengthen ADS-B.