Tin sulphide solar cells: An analysis using a theoretical method for an approximately 24% efficacy path

Abstract Switching to alternative energy sources is imperative at present. Solar energy is known as one of the Earth’s most cost-effective and sustainable sources of energy. Tin sulphide (SnS) is a commonly studied photovoltaic material, along with other materials such as metal chalcogenides, chalcopyrites, and perovskites. SnS possesses an appropriate band gap and an absorption coefficient within the required range, rendering it a viable material for solar cell applications. Researchers are attracted to SnS-based solar cells because of their easy-to-adjust structural parameters, plentiful availability, uncomplicated composition, and excellent mobility. This article models several characteristics of SnS-based solar cells using the SCAPS-1D simulation program. The NiO/SnS/TiO 2 /ITO solar cell construction may attain an efficiency of 24.0% with optimum configurations. The key criteria to be considered by researchers are the conduction band offset, the work function of the back contacts, and the radiative recombination factor (coefficient). The conduction band density of states is the least affected by the cell’s efficiency compared to other simulated metrics. This research may provide valuable information on the potential of SnS-based solar cells to achieve high efficiency.