Genotyping of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) by RT-PCR

Introduction: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) represents a significant concern in public health in Ecuador due to its association with cervical cancer and the necessity to identify new genotypes. Early and precise detection of HPV stands as a crucial strategy to prevent cancer development. Objective: This study aims to analyze previous research on HPV in Ecuador, addressing its prevalence, the effectiveness of detection tools such as RT-PCR, genotyping, prevention strategies, and the evaluation of cancer risk associated with specific genotypes. Methods: A bibliographic review was conducted, compiling data from published studies on HPV in Ecuador, considering epidemiological aspects, detection methods, prevention strategies, and genotyping. Results and Discussion: The results reveal a high prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Ecuador, especially in genotypes associated with cervical cancer. RT-PCR stands out as an effective tool for detecting and quantifying HPV viral load, being crucial for assessing cervical lesion risk. Genotyping has identified specific types of HPV linked to cancer, guiding treatment and prevention strategies. In the discussion, the impact of HPV on public health in Ecuador is emphasized, highlighting the importance of implementing preventive measures such as vaccination and genotyping. Epidemiological surveillance of HPV is essential to understand its epidemiology and cancer risk, thereby facilitating the implementation of preventive and therapeutic strategies. Conclusions: HPV genotyping is crucial as a diagnostic tool for a better understanding of epidemiology and cervical cancer risk in Ecuador. Assessing cancer risk associated with specific genotypes allows for risk stratification in the population, improving clinical and public health interventions, and facilitating the implementation of prevention and treatment strategies tailored to each genotype.