Potentials of Genetic Algorithm in the Performance of Load Frequency Control using FACT Devices, AVR and SMES for Hybrid Power System in Deregulated Environment

In this article, the interconnection of two areas of a multi-unit hybrid interconnected power system is studied under a deregulated environment. For emergency requirements and energy-efficient building systems, the hybrid power system is studied which consists of several co-generating units thermal, hydro, nuclear, diesel, and gas power. To control the active power of the interconnected system, the Automatic Generation Controller (AGC) control loop is investigated, whereas, to control voltage, a reactive power control loop named automatic voltage regulator is applied. Effective governance requires the use of additional reliable fast energy exchange devices named superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) in both areas. The FACT devices considered are thyristor control series compensator (TCSC), Thyristor controlled phase shifter (TCPS), Unified power flow controller (UPFC), and Static synchronous series compensator (SSSC). For tuning of SMES, a Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based proportional integral derivative with a filter (PIDF) controller is applied to optimize integral square error (ISE). The frequency, tie-line power, and voltage profile of both the areas with various options of SMES connected to the system are studied in terms of overshoot, undershoot, rise time, and settling time. A system without SMES and with SMES in both areas are investigated. It is observed that GA-based PIDF controllers considerably enhanced system performance with SMES and SSSC gives better performance compared to other FACT devices. The response among all the FACT devices, SMES with SSSC gives a better response in terms of the settling time of frequency for two areas is settled at 8.25sec and 7.89sec. The modeling of an interconnected hybrid power system with FACT devices, SMES, and Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) is done in MATLAB 2016b Simulink.