Applications of Wastewater Treatment Methods in IDP & Refugee Camps

Wastewater treatment is essential before untreated wastewater can be reused or discharged into the environment. Treatment technologies such as constructed wetlands, activated sludge, trickling filters, water hyacinth systems, and extended aeration can be effectively implemented even with limitation of area, low-cost materials, and operational and maintenance requirement, to produce treated water that is environmentally safer. This article explores the wastewater treatment levels, challenges in managing it in IDPs/refugees camps and the environmental impacts, with a literature review of treatment technologies, their limitations, and the pursuit of more sustainable methods tailored to the needs of camps. Case studies from different camps are examined.