Exploring the Impact of Shift Duration on Nurses’ Perceived Stress and Quality of Working Hours: A Comparative Study of 8-Hour Versus 12-Hour Shifts.

The nursing workforce in the Philippines is known for its dedication and resilience but faces significant challenges, including the demands of shift work. Longer 12-hour shifts are common in local hospitals, offering continuity of care but raising concerns about fatigue, dissatisfaction, and burnout. This study examined the impact of shift durations on nurses’ perceived stress and the quality of working hours during 8-hour versus 12-hour shifts. It involved a diverse group of nurses, varying in age, gender, educational background, and experience, working in private hospitals in the Province of Cavite. A convergence mixed-method design combined quantitative and qualitative approaches to provide a comprehensive analysis. Quantitative data analysis identified patterns, correlations, and differences in stress and working hours based on shift length, while qualitative thematic analysis explored nurses’ experiences. Established scales like the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) ensured construct validity, while criterion validity compared the study’s instruments with established measures of stress and job satisfaction. Reliability was tested through Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest methods. Results showed that most respondents were aged 22-26 (28.75%) and 32-36 (25%), with males (81.25%) outnumbering females (18.75%). Nearly half (47.5%) had over five years of experience, and more than 80% were satisfied with their work schedules. However, nurses working 12-hour shifts faced higher risks of burnout, dissatisfaction, and intent to leave. Dissatisfaction was 40% higher for 12-hour shifts compared to 8-hour shifts. Nurses also reported fatigue, mood changes, and health issues after long shifts, which reduced social opportunities and affected mental well-being. Staff nurses (65%) dominated the population, with ICU (11.25%) and wards (10%) as the most common assignments. Night shifts caused sleep debt, reduced sleep quality, and increased medical errors, linking rotating shifts to anxiety and depression. Nurses on 8-hour shifts reported better job satisfaction and health than those on 12-hour shifts. The study found no significant link between perceived stress and working hours (p-value = 0.605), but stress negatively affected nurses’ quality of life. Long or irregular shifts led to reduced patient safety, unfinished tasks, fatigue, disrupted sleep, and health problems like musculoskeletal disorders. These factors contributed to job dissatisfaction, burnout, absenteeism, and staffing challenges. Qualitative findings revealed that while nurses preferred 12-hour shifts for more family time, they found them stressful and exhausting. Long hours in 24/7 facilities disrupted sleep schedules, leading to poor sleep quality and duration. Economic pressures and tight schedules further reduced sleep, and a lack of awareness about sleep’s importance caused nurses to prioritize other activities over rest. Fatigue impacted job performance, affected communities, and increased errors in patient care. The study highlighted the essential role of nurses as the primary caregivers in healthcare. Managing medication and monitoring recovery requires constant attention, making continuous work without rest impractical. It stressed the importance of shifts to help nurses manage stress, prevent burnout, and perform effectively. To improve work-life balance, the study recommended giving nurses more time for rest, social activities, and exercise. Promoting breaks, mentoring less-experienced nurses, and involving managers and clinicians in providing support were suggested. Hospitals were advised to ensure safe shift practices for both staff and patients. Leadership efforts should include reviewing safety practices, addressing staff concerns, and offering ongoing education to enhance skills and patient care. To reduce fatigue, the study proposed revising staffing models, minimizing overtime, optimizing workflows, and using technology for better planning. Finally, it emphasized prioritizing patient safety over maximizing productivity, even if it incurs higher costs. This study concluded that improving nurses’ work conditions is crucial for their well-being and the overall quality of healthcare. By addressing stress, burnout, and safety concerns, hospitals can ensure a healthier, more effective nursing workforce while maintaining high standards of patient care.