Formulating an Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (I-CSR) Model: Integrating Maqāṣid Sharī‘ah and Iḥsān

This research aims to formulate a conceptual model of Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (I-CSR) by incorporating the principles of ihsān and maqāṣid sharī’ah. The research hypothesizes that maqāṣid sharī’ah provides a foundation for defining I-CSR dimensions, while ihsān theory offers a hierarchical structure. The study adopts a basic-level research and development (R&D) approach, employing qualitative content analysis through a textual examination of two theories. The process begins with an in-depth examination of maqāṣid sharī’ah and ihsān theories, followed by their integration. The research findings are as follows: First, specific I-CSR dimensions were identified rooted in maqāṣid sharī’ah, including faith (īmān), human dignity (fiṭrah), the self (nafs), intellect (‘aql), prosperity (nasl), society (ijtimā’), wealth (māl), and ecology (bī’ah). Second, companies within the I-CSR framework were categorized according to ihsān theory into seven types: fāsid, ṭayyib, khair, ma’rūf, ṣālih, birr, and ihsān. The limitations of the research are: (1) it focuses solely on the theories of maqāṣid sharī’ah and ihsān; (2) the conceptual model is in its preliminary stage and requires further refinement with additional indicators. Despite these limitations, the findings have practical implications, particularly in enhancing the assessment of I-CSR practices.