Bronchial asthma control and severity concerning allergen sensitization patterns

Introduction Allergic asthma is considered the most common phenotype of asthma, which is characterized by immunoglobulin E sensitization to aeroallergens. The association between allergic sensitization to aeroallergens and asthma severity and control has been evaluated in a few studies. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between aeroallergen sensitization patterns and both Bronchial asthma (BA) control and severity. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on BA patients attending allergy and immunotherapy clinics. A skin prick test was performed as per clinical indication. BA control and severity were assessed according to GINA guideline 2021. Results The study included 100 BA patients. The most common allergens to which the patients were sensitized were mites (74%), followed by molds (70%). There was no statistically significant association between allergen sensitization patterns and BA severity. There was also no statistically significant association between allergen sensitization patterns and BA level of control. However, there was a significant association between the duration of BA and its severity or control ( P <0.001 for both). Conclusion Allergen sensitivity is a common feature of asthma. House dust mites and molds were the common allergen sensitization identified in BA patients. Atopy is not the primary underlying cause of uncontrolled or severe bronchial asthma.