Evaluation of the effect of chitosan membrane on the repair of bone defects in rabbit skull (calvaria) (In-vivo)

Background and Aim: In periodontal and implant regenerative treatments, the lack of bone healing presents serious issues.The Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) method, is one of the most reliable methods for restoring these defects.Material and Methods: In this exprimental Study, Defect with a diameter of 8 mm were created in the skulls of 18 New Zealand white rabbits.The chitosan membranes, were placed in the created defects in a clockwise manner, and one defect was left without a membrane as the control group.At intervals of 4 weeks and 8 weeks, the rabbits were sacrificed, and histological specimens were taken from the holes.These samples were examined histologically for new bone formation, the amount of inflammation and rivewed using statistical analyses. Results:The rate of new bone formation in the fourth week was 7.50% in the chitosan group and 4.66% in the control group.In the eighth week, these values were 14.03% and 10.39%, respectively.No significant difference in bone formation was observed between the chitosan membrane group and the control group at both intervals (P>0.05).Inflammation levels in the eighth week were higher compared to the fourth week.a significant difference in inflammation intensity was observed between the fourth and eighth weeks (P<0.001).Additionally, a significant difference between the control group in the fourth week and the chitosan group was observed (P<0.001). Conclusion:In order to bone formation and absence of necrosis, the membrane examined in this study has relatively suitable properties for bone regeneration and repair of bone defects.