Between challenges and achievements: the journey of women in science and the struggle for gender and racial equality

This study addresses the persistent challenges faced by women in science, with a focus on the gender barriers that mark the professional trajectory of women in scientific fields. The literature review reveals that gender prejudice is a historical reality, manifesting itself both in academic settings and in the scientific job market, where women, especially scientists, continue to struggle for recognition and equality. In addition to the challenges related to sexism, female scientists face additional difficulties, such as work overload, restrictive domestic culture, and moral harassment, which make building a scientific career more arduous for them compared to their male counterparts. However, significant progress is being made in the resilience of these women, who, despite the adversities, continue to make valuable and progressive contributions to the advancement of science. Furthermore, the inclusion of women in the scientific field is essential for the evolution of society as a whole, as their participation is crucial not only for the advancement of knowledge but also for expanding the diversity of perspectives, resulting in bilateral benefits. The study emphasizes the importance of creating more equitable opportunities and conditions for women in science, fostering inclusive environments that promote both their professional development and full integration into the global construction of scientific knowledge. The pursuit of greater equity in the scientific field reflects a strategic necessity for the future, as the full participation of women is essential for innovation and the transformation of scientific practices in an increasingly plural world.