Assessment of the current state of Chiriquí River Basin, Panama: Environmental, economic, and policy perspectives for sustainable water resource management

Río Chiriquí Viejo Watershed (Basin No. 108) in Chiriquí, Panama, represents a crucial ecological and socioeconomic region facing many challenges, including environmental degradation, social issues, economic pressures, and infrastructure shortcomings. This study aims to thoroughly assess the basin’s current condition, focusing on its natural and climatic aspects, primary water uses, economic activities, and existing policies and regulations. This research enhances the analysis and synthesis of diverse information by utilizing the Global Water Partnership’s Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Toolbox and conceptual maps. The basin’s varied climate and topography support rich biodiversity and an extensive river network. Nonetheless, agricultural activities have significantly transformed the landscape, reducing forest cover and increasing soil erosion, degrading water quality, and posing significant challenges for sustainable management. Furthermore, while hydroelectric facilities are a crucial renewable energy source, they also disrupt natural water flow, leading to environmental issues. This study combines environmental, economic, and policy perspectives to guide sustainable water resource management strategies in Basin No. 108.