Rule-Based Strategy for Optimal Energy Management in Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Electric Vehicles

The energy management strategy between the supercapacitor (SC) and the battery is a key focus of this paper, proposing an integrated approach that optimizes the utilization of both energy sources to enhance the overall performance and efficiency of electric vehicles. While existing energy management strategies for battery-SC hybrid systems have shown promise, they still face key limitations in the current literature. Many approaches focus either on rule-based methods or frequency separation techniques without effectively combining their strengths. Rule-based strategies often lack dynamic responsiveness to rapidly changing power demands, including regenerative braking scenarios, while frequency-based methods may not adequately consider the state of charge (SOC) for both the battery and the SC. Additionally, real-time implementation and computational efficiency remain challenges for more complex optimization-based approaches. This paper addresses these limitations by proposing an integrated strategy that combines rule-based and frequency decoupling methods to achieve responsive power distribution, effective SOC management, and efficient handling of regenerative braking energy. By effectively managing the interaction between the SC and battery, the proposed strategy demonstrates significant potential for improving the energy efficiency and sustainability of electric vehicles.