Sizing and Energy Management System of Hybrid Dc Railway Substation

Railway networks are currently facing a growing flow of traffic, leading to numerous infrastructure problems. In addition, there is an increase in electricity prices. This situation encourages railway companies to seek ways to optimize their energy consumption in order to reduce costs. Thus, a technological change in railway electrical systems is being considered through the integration of renewable energy sources and storage units. In this context, an optimization methodology is proposed for sizing the storage unit, the photovoltaic installation, and the energy management of the system, aiming to minimize both investment costs and the energy bill of a railway substation.