Challenges and opportunities for sustainable agriculture in terms of pesticides: a case study in Tonosí

Pesticides are essential for increasing crop yields and ensuring food security. However, their use poses significant environmental and health challenges. This study discusses the challenges to and opportunities for sustainable agriculture through the analysis of an inventory of pesticides marketed in the district of Tonosí, in the province of Los Santos, Republic of Panama. It was observed that there are many pesticides that are allowed in Panama but have been banned in many other countries due to their health and environmental impacts. To achieve sustainability, it is essential to integrate practices such as Integrated Pest Management (IPM), biopesticides, and precision agriculture, along with education and regulatory support. Balancing the benefits of pesticides with the need for environmental conservation and the protection of human health is key to a sustainable agricultural future.