Challenges and Limits of Decentralization on The National Waste Policy

Objectives: This paper aims at analyzing the decentralization present at the NWP throughout its objectives, principles and tools. Theoretical Framework: The Brazilian National Waste Policy (NWP) is considered a legal model to Latin America, since it brings an integrated management approach. Some of the challenges to apply the NWP are related to policy decentralization. Method: The methodology is based on bibliographic and documentary research in order to allow the systematization of the challenges and limits presented from the PNRS decentralization model. Results and Discussion: In Brazil, maxim decentralization consists of transferring responsibilities to municipalities. The current Constitution stablishes that public cleaning services – including waste collection and disposal – are local responsibilities. Some of these challenges are improving local governance through waste management political processes democratization; actualizing integrated management, generating commitment in different government scales and economic, environmental and social dimensions; permeating social participation and setting up local development agendas. Limits of Brazilian decentralization are related to the way this process occurred – top-down – as well as the absence of capacitation programs directed at the involved parties, since municipalities had to face a planning process they were not prepared to handle. Research Implications: The implications of this research include elements to strengthen the processes of decentralization and governance of solid waste. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the understanding of Brazilian solid waste legislation – particularly in aspects involving its implementation in different sectors of society. The proposal for a policy with decentralized execution sometimes aligns with local realities, sometimes diverges in its viability, intensifying challenges for social, economic and environmental development.