Review on Optimization Techniques for Prolonging the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Network

From industrial automation to environmental monitoring, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are now rather crucial in many different applications. Nevertheless, the lifetime of these networks is seriously threatened by the finite energy resources of sensor nodes. A thorough overview of optimisation methods meant to extend WSN lifetime is given in this work. We investigate several methods including data aggregation methods, clusterings, duty cycling systems, and energy-efficient routing protocols. Furthermore included in the article are developing trends including energy harvesting techniques and machine learning-based optimisation. By means of a methodical review of current studies, we pinpoint the most interesting approaches and draw attention to areas of future WSN lifespan optimisation research need.