Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite from Ariidea fish bone as reinforcement material for (chios mastic gum: papyrus vaccine pollen) bio composite bony scaffold

Abstract The large bone defect is still the main challenge in bone tissue engineering which can be solved using a scaffold. In the present study, a biological composite composed of chios mastic gum and 30 wt.% papyrus vaccine pollen has been reinforced with 0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt.% of hydroxyapatite particles obtained through alkaline hydrolysis from Ariidea fish bone. The outcomes evinced that the (chios mastic gum: 30 wt.% papyrus vaccine pollen: 1 wt.% hydroxyapatite) sample exhibited a higher compressive strength in all the prepared samples which is in the range of the compressive strength of human cancellous bone. Both atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscope morphological analyses confirmed that the papyrus vaccine pollen and hydroxyapatite particles were distributed consistently and homogeneously throughout the chios mastic gum. The prepared bone scaffold has the potential to be used for bone tissue engineering.