Transcriptomic Profiling of Growth Stage-Specific Gene Expression in Hanwoo Liver

This study investigates gene expression changes in Hanwoo liver tissue across early growth stages to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying liver development and immune functions. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we analyzed liver samples from 10 days (n = 3), 2 months (n = 10), 6 months (n = 6), and 10 months (n = 10) Hanwoo calves to identify growth stage-specific gene modules. We identified significant gene expression patterns related to immune responses, metabolic processes, and extracellular matrix organization, particularly at critical developmental stages. The findings suggest a dynamic shift in liver functions, particularly immune modulation in early months, as highlighted by the involvement of immune-related hub gene DOCK2 and enhanced metabolic activity as calves mature. These results contribute to understanding liver-specific development and may support strategies for improving growth and health in Hanwoo cattle.