COMMUNICATIVE INTENTIONS, GENRES AND STRATEGIES:DELIMITATION OF CONCEPTS AND CLASSIFICATIONS

The concepts of speech intention, speech genre and speech strategy are related, although they are used in different linguistic subdisciplines: psycholinguistics, stylistics, pragmalinguistics. Intention is a predisposition of an individual’s consciousness to an utterance as an expression of psychological content in their consciousness. Intentions can be conscious or unconscious and revealed through intent analysis. Speech genre is a stable structure of an utterance or text, characterized by thematic and compositional integrity, which presupposes a certain type of communicative situation and relates to a certain functional style of speech. Speech genres are divided into dialogic, monologue and polylogue. Communicative strategies are defined as specific ways of speech behavior based on prediction and control, which are used to achieve communicative goals. The article considers the classification of speech strategies based on the intentional nature of their application and impact on the addressee. The classification of emotive strategies includes those based on positive and negative emotional arousal of the addressee. Relatively positive strategies are subdivided into gratification (support, "positive key", populism, "we" strategy, compliment and sycophancy) and fascination (demonstrating charm, charisma, confidence, nobility, high achievements and qualities, aesthetics and beauty, status, rank, superiority, strength, power, luxury, unusualness, mystery, inspiring awe, entrancement, "life on the edge" behaviour, scandalous behaviour, dramatization). Relatively negative strategies are divided into denigration (discrediting, compromising, defamation, demonization, humiliation, discrimination, ignoring, sabotaging, open negative reaction, moral destruction), frustration (comparison of resources not in favor of the addressee, negative forecasts, escalating negative emotions, shocking with negative facts) and provocation (arousal of addressee’s negative emotions, doubting their abilities and qualities, imposing an image of the addressee that is desirable for the manipulator, inciting a conflict, temptation, forming a sense of guilt, using talkativeness, conceit, creating situations without choice, scandalization, jesting or being cynical).