LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL FEATURES OF VERB COMMUNICEMES-ENANTONYMS IN RUSSIAN PUBLICIST SPEECH

The article presents the results of a lexical and grammatical analysis of Russian verbal communicemes-enantonyms, which are actively used in modern publicist texts. The relevance of the study is due to the need for a deep, comprehensive study of communicemes with opposite meanings. During the study, the lexical and grammatical features of communicemes with opposite meanings associated with such categories as mood, person, number and tense of verbs were clarified and systematized. Identification and description of the lexico-grammatical features of communicemes with opposite meanings involves the use of the following methods: analytical method (lexico-gram-matical method), descriptive method, contextual analysis, interpretation method. It was found that most often the verbs in Russian communicemes-enantonyms, which are found in journalism, are presented in the form of the present and past tense in order to express the attitude towards events that have already occurred and avoid violating the principle of economy due to the use of a desemantized linking verb to be. Imperative and infinitive forms of verbs can enhance the emotional meaning of communications. Due to the fact that communicemes are characteristic primarily of informal dialogic speech, the verbs in Russian communicemes-enantonyms most often have a singular form. In verbal communicemes-enantonyms, the second person forms predominate among the personal forms of the verb, since in certain communicative situations the speaker, commenting on an ongoing or current event, resorts to generalized personal sentences to emphasize the generality of the judgment, and the second person form is perceived as generalized. In Russian communicemes, verbs in the third person form are quite rare, in them the subject is either of the members of the opposition God and devil. We conclude that the lexical and grammatical design of communicemes with opposite meanings makes it possible to enhance the emotionality and expressiveness of statements, which is necessary to express either different intentions, or emotions, or the author’s assessment of the objects of speech (discussed events, phenomena, persons). The prospects for the study lies in comparing the lexical and grammatical features of verbal communicemes that have antonymous meanings in different speech styles.