Potential Analysis of Electricity Infrastructure Development Using Geographic Information System (GIS)-Fuzzy Logic - Solar PV Power Plant on Sumba Island

As Indonesia's electricity demand grows, the shift from coal to renewable energy sources, especially solar power, is crucial. This study uses GIS and fuzzy logic to assess the potential for solar PV development on Sumba Island, a key renewable energy site. Evaluating 14 criteria and 8 constraints, the analysis identifies optimal locations for solar PV installation. Results reveal a potential capacity of 21,230.42 MWp, which could supply 52.32% of Indonesia’s projected 2030 electricity demand. Economic evaluations show a Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) of 0.0478 to 0.0602 USD/kWh, a positive Net Present Value (NPV), and a Simple Payback Period (SPP) of 4.03 to 6.34 years. Additionally, this development could reduce CO2 emissions by up to 29,326,836.29 tons annually. These findings highlight Sumba Island's significant role in advancing Indonesia’s renewable energy goals and suggest further studies on integrating solar power into the national grid and optimizing HVDC transmission for efficient energy distribution.