Evaluation of thyroid status in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Reference to insulin Resistance

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), a prevalent metabolic disease, is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Diabetic patients frequently experience thyroid dysfunction, which has an impact on their metabolic condition. The goal of this study is to evaluate the thyroid state of T2DM patients and look into the link between insulin resistance and thyroid hormone levels. Methods:The study included 30 male participants aged 30 to 60 years who were diagnosed with T2DM using the American Diabetes Association's (ADA) criteria. Insulin resistance was determined using the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Thyroid function tests, including serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Triiodothyronine (T3), and Thyroxine (T4) levels, were performed. Patients were divided into three groups based on their HOMA-IR values: low (≤2.5), moderate (2.5-4.0), and high (>4.0). Statistical analysis was used to determine the relationship between insulin resistance and thyroid hormone levels. Results: The study population's mean age was 51.9 ± 5.94 years. Our study denotes that Insulin resistance, as depicted by HOMA-IR correlates positively with TSH levels (r = 0.50). T4 correlates positively with TSH (r = 0.545) and T3 correlates well with T4 (0.598). Insulin resistance correlates positively with TSH levels (r = 0.50) Conclusion: This study confirms that insulin resistance in T2DM is associated with moderately enhanced levels of TSH, T3, and T4. The positive correlation between HOMA-IR and thyroid hormone levels suggests that insulin resistance may influence thyroid function. Regular thyroid status monitoring in T2DM patients is critical for early detection and management of thyroid dysfunction, which could improve overall metabolic control and quality of life. Further research is needed to determine the underlying mechanisms that link insulin resistance and thyroid dysfunction in T2DM.