Development of Safety Assessment Indicators Considering Risk Factors on Roads without Sidewalks

Roads without sidewalks pose a high risk of accidents due to their narrow lanes and shared space between pedestrians and vehicles. Unlike major roads, they have unique characteristics, necessitating specialized safety assessment criteria. This study systematically selects evaluation indicators reflecting the nature of roads without sidewalks to provide objective, practical road management standards. To establish criteria, this research reviews various traffic accident factors from prior studies and identifies risk factors suited to roads without sidewalks. By incorporating expert opinions through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), it determines the relative importance and prioritization of each indicator. Major indicators identified include driving speed, illegal parking, pedestrian volume, effective road width, and traffic volume, with each indicator assigned a weight to create a comprehensive safety evaluation standard. Analysis results show driving speed as the most critical factor, with illegal parking and pedestrian volume also significantly impacting safety. In contrast, region-specific indicators like vehicle registration density per area were rated less important, emphasizing that physical environment factors strongly influence roads without sidewalks safety. This study presents systematic safety assessment criteria tailored to roads without sidewalks, aiding road managers in objectively managing these environments. However, limitations include the lack of detailed criteria for scoring indicators, making quantitative evaluation based on actual data challenging. Future research should address this by incorporating quantifiable criteria and real-world data analysis, enabling road managers to apply more precise standards for creating safer roads without sidewalks environments.